Characteristics of titanium dioxide nanotubes annealed under various conditions and quenched using liquid nitrogen

This paper presents the effects of different annealing treatments and quenching conditions on characteristics titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs), which were synthesised successfully via two-step electrochemical anodisation. A novel approach was employed in this study by annealed TNTs using liquid nitrogen (N2). The XRD results showed that quenched N2 exhibited dissimilarities phase transition plane dominance compared to air when at 750°C. It also revealed capable suppressing anatase into rutile Apart from that, methods found vary crystallite size TNTs, whereby L-series samples have larger crystal vice versa for W-series samples. FE-SEM images use controllable water vapour/N2 able preserve nanotubular structures, even high temperature 850°C. Despite having same anodisation parameters, modify morphology particularly pore size. On top disclosed dominant determined close relationship between band gap energy smaller could induce quantum confinement effect, subsequently influenced gap, mixed-phase structures.